Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aniwesh Kumar Bhatt Title: The History of Mathematics: A Special Focus on 7th Century CE.-12th Century CE. Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This document delves into the extensive history of mathematics, particularly emphasizing developments from the 7th to the 12th centuries CE. It explores the contributions of prominent Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Bhaskaracharya, and Brahmagupta, highlighting their advancements in arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, and mathematical astronomy. The text also examines the evolution of mathematical concepts like the decimal number system and the concept of zero. Additionally, it provides an overview of mathematical traditions from prehistory, Vedic, and Jaina traditions, and discusses the significant impact of the Bakhshali Manuscript on the development of number systems. Through these historical narratives, the document illustrates the profound influence of Indian mathematics on both regional and global mathematical thought. Keywords: Mathematics; Decimal; Number System; Arithmetic; Algebra Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 1-7 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2024.sijmds.1.1.1 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/1 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/1/1 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ravi Title: Women in Braj Bhakti Literature Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The Bhakti movement’s impact on Braj was marked by gender and caste disparities. While men actively participated in devotional practices, women, especially from lower castes, were largely absent due to their socio-economic roles. Lower-caste women’s labor-intensive responsibilities limited their engagement in religious activities, whereas higher-caste women had greater social mobility, enabling their participation. Despite the movement’s egalitarian messages, patriarchal structures and daily labor demands hindered broader female involvement. The literature of Braj reflects this imbalance, highlighting selective participation based on caste and social status. This paper explores the role and position of women in various religious sects, examining the reasons behind the limited number of women saints in Braj. By analyzing these dynamics, we can better understand the complex interplay between gender, caste, and religious participation in the region. Keywords: Braj; Bhakti; Women; Patriarchy; Saint Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 8-14 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2024.sijmds.1.1.12 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/12 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/12/3 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Md Azharrul Haque Mallick Title: Sorcery as Cure: Medicine in Mughal India (1526-1707) Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Sorcery and its intertwining with medicine have deep roots in Indian cultural and spiritual traditions, persisting through the Mughal period (1526-1707). The Mughal rulers, who were patrons of the Unani and Ayurvedic medical systems, also indirectly acknowledged the role of sorcery in healthcare. While Unani and Ayurvedic practitioners enjoyed state support and prominence, sorcerers, operating without official endorsement, played a vital role in medieval Indian society, particularly among the rural and lower classes. Sorcerers, believed to wield supernatural powers, provided accessible and affordable healthcare, often addressing ailments thought to be caused by spiritual or supernatural forces—an area beyond the reach of conventional physicians and hakims. This study examines the dual role of sorcerers as both healers and practitioners of magic within the Mughal medical landscape. Sorcerers offered various treatments, including herbal remedies, magical spells, and rituals, sometimes involving animal or human sacrifices. Their methods, although lacking scientific validation, were perceived as effective by a populace deeply entrenched in spiritual and magical beliefs. Keywords: Medicine; Sorcery; Magic; Mughal Empire; India Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 15-19 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/synergyint.j.multidiscip.stud..v1i1.8 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/8 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/8/2 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Md Inzemamul Haque Title: School Teachers’ Awareness and Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Science Education: A Study of Secondary School Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study investigates the awareness and perspectives of secondary school teachers regarding the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into science education. A survey was administered to 50 secondary school teachers in urban settings to evaluate their understanding of AI, opinions on its implementation in science education, and preferences for AI applications across different science topics. The outcomes reveal an overall positive perception and awareness of AI among teachers, underscored by a significant interest in AI education. These findings provide meaningful insights into the existing preparedness of teachers to adopt AI in secondary science education, laying the groundwork for future discussions on efficacious integration approaches and initiatives for professional development. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Teacher; Science Education; Education; Secondary School Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 20-24 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sijmds-2024-119 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/9 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/9/4 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dharmveer singh Author-Name: Md Qaiser Alam Author-Name: Pushpendra Singh Title: Leather Waste Management and Possibilities of Employment Generation in India Publication-Status: Published Abstract: India is not only famous for its historical monuments and its diverse culture but also its traditional leather craft. The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in India and the world as well because its production process includes the use of many chemicals and methods of processing that have a heavy impact on the environment. Having finished products, lefts lots of waste materials of leather, most of them come from organized and unorganized manufacturing units. One more interesting fact is that most people even don’t know how to decompose them properly. They usually dump it openly or dispose of it on land sited. From all the stages of making finished leather out of 100% of raw material nearly 85% is generated as solid & liquid waste like (skins, fats, trimmings, process effluents, and sludge buffing dust,). Only 15% useable material is available for making leather products. Out of which nearly 50% is generated as waste during the cutting process even in the case of some goods it may be 60-70%. All these wastes can be used for making various useful items and industrial products. Proper utilization of these wastes will give a boost to the growth and development of the nation because there are great possibilities of utilizing these wastes for the betterment of society. The purpose of presenting this paper is to understand and find new innovative methods of using these wastes for generating employment opportunities, eliminating widespread poverty, and attaining various SDG goals of the UN. Keywords: Leather Industry; Employment; Innovation; Growth; Development; Pollution; Solid & Liquid Waste Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 25-30 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/synergyint.j.multidiscip.stud..v1i1.10 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/10 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/10/5 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imen Hamraoui Title: Communal Tensions and Revivalist Movements in Colonial Bihar: A Historical Analysis of the Emergence of Hindu-Muslim Conflict, 1908-1924 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This paper examines the emergence of revivalist and communal trends in colonial Bihar between 1908 and 1924, with a focus on the manipulation by the colonial state that led to the rise of these movements. The Arya Samaj movement, established in 1875, aimed to revitalize Vedic Hinduism and gained significant influence in Bihar through its advocacy for cow protection and the establishment of educational institutions, temples, and social welfare organizations. The movement’s impact was evident in the lives of Hindus in Bihar, with efforts to eliminate the practice of ‘untouchability’ and caste distinctions, promote women’s education and gender equality, and assist impoverished women and widows. However, the rise of revivalist movements and communalism led to increased tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities, culminating in violent conflicts such as the Shahabad riots in 1917. Keywords: Revivalist movements; Communalism; Colonial Bihar; Arya Samaj; Cow protection Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 31-35 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/synergyint.j.multidiscip.stud..v1i1.11 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/11 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/11/6 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:1:y:2024:i:1:a:11