Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Upasana Ray Author-Name: Latika Khullar Title: Phenomenology Beyond Method: Reclaiming Philosophical Rigour and Ethical Responsibility in Educational Research Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Phenomenology has become an influential approach in educational research, often invoked to foreground lived experience, voice, and meaning. Yet its growing popularity has coincided with a tendency to treat phenomenology as a generic qualitative method rather than a philosophically grounded mode of inquiry. This paper argues that such usage risks diluting phenomenology’s epistemological rigour and ethical responsibility. Drawing on classical and contemporary phenomenological scholarship, the paper examines how phenomenology’s foundational commitments to intentionality, lifeworld, bracketing, reflexivity, and interpretation are often selectively adopted or applied superficially in educational studies. Particular attention is given to the unresolved methodological tension between descriptive and hermeneutic phenomenology and the ethical risks that arise when this tension is obscured. The paper contends that methodological ambiguity contributes to interpretive drift, aestheticised representations of experience, and weakened accountability in research involving teachers and learners. Rather than proposing phenomenology as a flexible toolkit, the paper repositions it as an epistemic and ethical commitment that demands philosophical clarity, methodological restraint, and reflexive responsibility. The paper concludes by outlining implications for educational research cultures and teacher education, emphasising the need to reclaim phenomenology as a disciplined and ethically grounded research paradigm. Keywords: Phenomenology; Educational Research; Lived Experience; Qualitative Methodology; Reflexivity; Research Ethics; Teacher Education Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 1-12 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2026.sijmds.3.2.46 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/46 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/46/74 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:3:y:2026:i:2:a:46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vikas Patel Author-Name: Medha Singh Title: Beyond Cultural Boundaries: A Critical Study of Yoga’s Global Adaptation, Decontextualization, and Root Reclamation Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Globalization has significantly expanded the reach of yoga, facilitating the widespread dissemination of the Bharatiya Knowledge System and yielding numerous benefits including enhanced accessibility, inclusivity, and scientific recognition of yoga’s health benefits. However, this global expansion has also precipitated critical challenges—decontextualization, cultural appropriation, commodification, and pop-culturalization—that fundamentally distance the practice from its philosophical and spiritual foundations. Despite these obstacles, contemporary movements in India and worldwide are advocating for culturally conscious and ethically grounded approaches while actively working to reclaim yoga’s traditional roots. This research article critically examines this dual narrative of adaptation and reclamation, offering a nuanced understanding of yoga as a global knowledge system. Through historical and cultural analysis, the paper investigates three key dimensions: the processes of yoga’s adaptation in non-Indian contexts, the mechanisms of its decontextualization and commodification, and the ongoing initiatives aimed at restoring its philosophical integrity. By analyzing the transformation of yoga from a holistic spiritual discipline to a primarily fitness-oriented practice, this study illuminates the tensions between accessibility and authenticity, globalization and cultural preservation. The findings underscore the importance of decolonization efforts, amplification of South Asian voices, and ethical engagement in ensuring that yoga’s future remains connected to its ancient roots while accommodating cross-cultural dialogue. Ultimately, this paper contributes to broader scholarly discussions on cultural appropriation, knowledge systems, and the challenges of preserving traditional practices in an increasingly globalized world. Keywords: Globalization of Yoga; Cultural Decontextualization; Indian Knowledge Systems; Cultural Reappropriation Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 13-21 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2026.sijmds.3.2.42 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/42 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/42/75 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:3:y:2026:i:2:a:42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rutvikkumar Makwana Author-Name: Virendra Balaji Shahare Title: Accumulation Without Protection: Platform Capital, Precarious Labour, and the Crisis of Social Security Governance in India Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The rapid growth of platform-mediated labor in India reveals a contradiction within Indian capitalism: a rising workforce supporting platform companies’ valorization strategies while being systematically excluded from social security systems designed for organized labor. Using Marxist political economy, this article argues that recent initiatives—the Code on Social Security (2020), the e-Shram portal (2021), state-level welfare legislation, and the operationalization of four Labour Codes in November 2025—serve as managed accommodations. These measures make precarious labor nominally visible without challenging the underlying capital-labor relations that produce precarity. Drawing on various government reports, surveys, and scholarly studies on gig worker organizing, the analysis identifies five structural failures: rule-making deficits, jurisdictional fragmentation, digital exclusion, enforcement gaps, and suppression of collective voice. The December 2025 Year End Review confirms that these reforms have yet to establish effective welfare mechanisms for gig workers. A dedicated section examines independent gig worker unions through the ‘fourth-wave’ framework of labor legal empowerment, situating collective action within established typologies of labor unrest and informal workers’ movements. The article demonstrates that the issues of rule-making deficit, operational gaps, and suppression of collective voice are interconnected. It concludes that genuine protection for India’s projected 23.5 million gig workers by 2029-30 requires rethinking the state’s relationship with platform capital and ensuring institutionalized collective representation for workers. Keywords: Platform Capitalism; Gig Economy; Social Security; Code On Social Security; PLFS; E-Shram; EPFO; ESIC; Gig Worker Unions; Fourth-Wave Labour Movements; India Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 22-33 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2026.sijmds.3.2.90 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/90 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/90/77 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:3:y:2026:i:2:a:90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohd Haris Author-Name: Md Ehtisham Title: Psychosocial Challenges of Students with Visual Impairment in Inclusive Education Settings: A Mixed-Methods Study from Delhi NCR Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Students with visual impairment (VI) in inclusive educational settings encounter a distinctive constellation of psychosocial challenges that frequently remain invisible within policy-driven discourses of inclusive education. This study examines the nature, extent, and underlying mechanisms of these challenges as experienced by visually impaired students, their teachers, and special educators across inclusive schools in Delhi NCR. Employing a mixed-methods case study design, the research collected data from 49 visually impaired students, 7 special education teachers, and 35 regular teachers through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and observation checklists. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed five interconnected themes: teacher attitudes and low academic expectations, communication barriers in instructional delivery, pedagogical skill deficits in inclusive classrooms, discrimination and stigmatization, and systemic infrastructural inadequacies. Findings indicate that while policy frameworks such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act 2016 and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 provide robust legislative mandates for inclusion, implementation remains fragmented, with less than one-third of schools meeting basic accessibility standards and fewer than 35% of teachers receiving inclusive education training . The study concludes that meaningful inclusion requires moving beyond compliance-oriented practices toward systematic investment in teacher professional development, Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approaches, accessible infrastructure, and school-based psychosocial support systems. Keywords: Visual Impairment; Inclusive Education; Psychosocial Challenges; Teacher Preparedness; Accessibility; RPwD Act 2016; India Journal: Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Pages: 34-46 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June DOI: 10.63960/sp.2026.sijmds.3.2.96 File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/96 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/download/96/80 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ett:sijmds:v:3:y:2026:i:2:a:96