Writing Rules

1. General Formatting Guidelines

  • Paper Size: A4

  • Margins: 2.50 cm on all sides

  • Line Spacing: 1.5

  • Font: Times New Roman, 12-point. The font should be consistent throughout the manuscript.

  • Paragraph Formatting: Indent the first line of each paragraph (except the abstract).

  • Title Page: Include the title of the paper (and subtitle, if applicable), and full author details in a separate document for anonymity during the review process.

Note: While there are no strict formatting requirements for the main text, the manuscript must include all the compulsory elements (title, abstract, main sections, etc.).

2. Manuscript Structure

Title Page

  • Paper Title: Include the full title, and if applicable, a subtitle.

  • Author Details: Provide details for all authors in the following format:

    • Name: [Full Name of Author]

    • Affiliation: Faculty/Department Name, University/Institute Name, Street Address, City, Postal Code, Country

    • Email Address: [Your Email Address]

    • For the corresponding author, add an asterisk (*) and clearly indicate.

Note: Author details must be submitted in a separate document from the manuscript itself to ensure anonymity during the review process. The corresponding author should be clearly identified.

Abstract

  • Provide a single-paragraph abstract of up to 250 words summarizing the objectives, methods, results, and significance of the study.

  • Do not include references or citations within the abstract.

  • Follow the abstract with 6-7 keywords, separated by commas.

Main Text
The manuscript should include the following sections:

  1. Introduction: Provide background information and context for the study.

  2. Objectives: Clearly state the objectives or goals of the study.

  3. Conceptual Framework: Outline the theoretical framework or background for the research.

  4. Research Methodology: Describe the methodology in detail, including the following sub-sections:

    • Population and Samples

    • Research Instruments

    • Data Collection

    • Data Analysis

  5. Results and Discussion: These sections may be combined if necessary.

  6. Limitations: This section deal with limitation of the study

  7. Conclusion: Summarise the findings and their implications for future research or practice.

  8. Future Scope of the Study: This deal with future suggestion of the study.

Headings and Subheadings

  • Level 1: UPPERCASE, 12-point, bold, unnumbered (e.g., MATERIALS AND METHODS)

  • Level 2: Sentence case, 12-point, bold, optionally numbered (e.g., Data Collection)

  • Level 3: Sentence case, 12-point, bold italic, optionally numbered (e.g., Data Analysis)

  • Level 4: Sentence case, 12-point, italic, optionally numbered

  • Level 5: Sentence case, 12-point, optionally numbered

Note: Subsections should follow the numbering convention if the manuscript includes multiple layers of headings.

3. Figures, Tables, and Equations

Figures

  • Figures should be numbered sequentially in the order they appear in the text.

  • Embed figures directly in the manuscript, or submit as separate files if required by the journal's submission system.

  • Label parts of multi-component figures (e.g., (a), (b)).

  • Provide captions below the figures. Example format:

    • Fig. 3 Example of a figure caption: (a) sun and (b) blob.

Note: Ensure that figures follow consistent formatting (e.g., line thickness, color scheme).

Tables

  • Tables should be numbered sequentially and placed near their first mention in the text.

  • Table captions should appear above the table.

  • Example:

    Table 1 Recommended Fonts and Sizes
    Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
    Row 1 Row 1 Row 1
    Row 2 Row 2 Row 2
    Row 3 Row 3 Row 3

Equations

    • Inline equations are acceptable for simple expressions (e.g., a = b/c).

    • More complex equations should be displayed on a new line and numbered as follows:

       
      2a = ((b + 1)) / 3c (1)

    • Use MS Word Equation Editor or MathType for formatting equations.

4. Declarations

  • Acknowledgements

    For manuscripts with multiple authors, a brief statement outlining individual contributions is required. Use the following format:

    “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y., and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.”

    If AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, etc.) were used during manuscript preparation for language editing, summarization, or formatting assistance, a statement should also be included. Example:

    “The authors used [AI tool name] for [brief description of use, e.g., grammar correction or paraphrasing]. All content was reviewed and verified by the authors.”

  • Funding Information

    If the research received financial support, state the funding source(s). If no external funding was received, include:

    “This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

  • Availability of Data and Materials

    Include a statement about the accessibility of the data supporting the findings. Example:

    “The data supporting this study are available upon request. The data are stored in [e.g., institutional repository, Google Drive] and can be provided to interested parties.”

  • Declaration of Conflict of Interest

    Disclose any financial or personal relationships that could influence the work. If none, use:

    “The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.”

  • Clinical Trial Registration (if applicable)

    Provide the trial registration number if applicable.

  • Human Ethics and Consent to Participate

    If ethical approval or consent was required, provide details. Otherwise, include:

    “The study did not involve any clinical interventions or experiments requiring formal ethical approval.”

5. References

  • Use APA 7th edition style for referencing.

  • List references alphabetically or numerically at the end of the manuscript.

  • Ensure DOI links are included where applicable.

Example:

The authors are responsible for the accuracy of the bibliographic information. The list must be in alphabetical order (A→Z) and numbered. The list of references should be included on separate 1.5-spaced pages at the end of the text. The style and punctuation of the references should confirm the APA version or must be confined to the following examples:

  • Journal references:

1st author last name, 1st author first name initial. 1st author middle name initial. 2nd author last name, 2nd author first name initial. 2nd author middle name initial., … (year). Article title: subtitle. Journal name, volume (issue), page range.

Asagar, M. S. (2024). The Benefits and Challenges of Flipped Learning: A Study on Students’ Perception. Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(3), 41–50. Retrieved from https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/25

singh, D., Alam, M. Q., & Singh, P. (2024). Leather Waste Management and Possibilities of Employment Generation in India. Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(1), 30–35. Retrieved from https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/10

  • Book with one author:

Author, A. A. (2005). Title of work. Publisher.

  • Book with two authors:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2005). Title of work. Publisher.

  • Book with more than two authors:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2005). Title of work. Publisher.

  • A publication in press:

Junho, S. (in press). Roadmap for e-commerce standardization in Korea. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research.

  • A publication in a language other than English:

Amano, N., & Kondo, H. (2000). Nihongo no goi tokusei [Lexical characteristics of Japanese language]. Sansei-do.

  • Edited book:

Zhao, F. (Ed.). (2006). Maximize business profits through e-partnerships. IRM Press.

  • Chapter in an edited book:

Asagar, M. S. (2024). Exploring Gender Disparities in Higher Secondary Enrollment in Haryana State. In Suman Taneja, Anjusha Srivastava, & Dharmveer Singh (Eds.), Haryana Chronicles: A Collective Exploration of Culture, Heritage and Progress (pp. 39-45). Redshine India Publication House.

  • Published proceedings:

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In Proceedings of Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (vol. 38, pp. 237-288). University of Nebraska Press.

  • Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis:

Wilfley, D. (1989). Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal-weight and obese [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.

  • A presented paper:

Lanktree, C., & Briere, J. (1991, January). Early data on the trauma symptom checklist for children (TSC-C) [Paper presentation]. The meeting of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, San Diego, CA, United States.

  • Website:

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. http://jbr.org/articles.html; Accessed on 15 June 2019

6. For In-text Citations

1. One Author

  • Narrative citation (author’s name in sentence):

    Smith (2020) argued that online learning increases access to education.

  • Parenthetical citation (author’s name and year in parentheses):

    Online learning increases access to education (Smith, 2020).

2. Two Authors

  • Use & in parenthesis; use “and” in narrative.

    Narrative: Johnson and Lee (2019) found similar results.
    Parenthetical: (Johnson & Lee, 2019)

3. Three or More Authors

  • Use the first author’s surname + "et al."

    Narrative: Gonzalez et al. (2021) explored this issue.
    Parenthetical: (Gonzalez et al., 2021)

4. Multiple Works by Same Author in Same Year

  • Use a, b, c after the year:

    (Khan, 2022a; Khan, 2022b)

5. Multiple Sources in One Citation

  • List alphabetically, separated by semicolon:

    (Brown, 2018; Davis, 2020; Smith, 2017)

6. Group or Organization as Author

  • First citation (with abbreviation):

    (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020)

  • Later citations:

    (WHO, 2020)

7. No Author

  • Use first few words of title in quotation marks (article/chapter) or italics (book/report):

    ("Online Education Trends," 2021)
    (Global Learning Report, 2021)

8. Citing a Specific Part of a Source

Include page number or other locator:

(Jones, 2017, p. 45)
(Ahmed, 2020, para. 4) — for web sources without page numbers