Pierre de Coubertin’s Ode to Sport: A Feminist Reassessment of Gender Bias in Olympic Ideals

Abstract

Pierre de Coubertin’s Ode to Sport has long been celebrated for its philosophical exploration of the moral and physical virtues of sport, emphasising its role in uniting humanity and promoting justice. However, this iconic poem has largely escaped critical scrutiny from a feminist perspective, particularly regarding its gendered portrayal of sport. This paper offers a feminist reassessment of the Ode to Sport, focusing on how Coubertin’s representation of sport reinforces hegemonic masculinity and excludes women from the idealised Olympic vision. By analysing the language, imagery, and historical context of the poem, this study shows how Coubertin’s male-centric ideals shaped the early Olympic Games and reflect broader societal views on gender and corporeality. Drawing on feminist literary theory and historical research, it highlights the exclusionary nature of the Olympic movement in its early years, as well as subsequent feminist challenges to these gendered narratives. The paper concludes with a consideration of how contemporary feminist athletes and sports movements have redefined sport as a space for gender inclusion, empowerment, and equality. It offers a critique of the legacy of the ode to sport and the possibility of a more inclusive vision of sport in the modern era.